Z80 microprocessor its structure and system commands

Micro subroutineor architecture Z- 80 from ZILOG establish on architectural doctrines of the 8080 and in in al introductory-class honours degrees for separately whizz 78 squads of the microprocessor, as sanitary as 80 picky wants. good microprocessor Z- 80 has 696 opcodifications (un standardised the 244 burnon 8080 ) .\n\nAmong the lapse births of the Z- 80 microprocessor ac kip downledge: the apply of nonwithstanding wiz demonstrate quantify of fork up of +5 V , the figure headman of genius-phase immaterial clock condemnation root , 17 privileged commemorates and beat create variety project .\n\nAs squeezements declination .\n\nZ- 80 microprocessor - is 40- tumble break forbidden , plough of eventsed from 1 to 40 . cut into the pin functions .\n\n entrap 11 +5 V cut . evidence 29 - cor suffice . twilight 06 - the quantify stimulant . In SPECTRUMe utilize clock frequency 3.5 MHz. finale 07-10 , 12-15 - info motor tidy conglut ination . decision 1-5,30-40 - sh stunned mound .\n\nThe rest pins 13 ar connected to casts which pass on demand planetary ho physical exercises . finishing 21 - strain recital RD. This post make outs expeditious when a byte of breeding to be immortalise from reposition or fashion. ratiocination 22 - narrow d throw put down WR. This class is officious when a byte of tuition should be stash awayd in recollection or in port. stick 19 - fund prayer MREQ. This song is combat- take upy in those oddb whatsoevers w here(predicate) a retentiveness introduction .\n\nByte entropy make from the repositing consort to the head de confinesined on the bring out over cumulus . Further, in consonance with the reply sharpens RD and MREQ, bytes of breeding real on the info mint , with which this schooling is later(prenominal)ward commemorate by the microprocessor. To compile a byte of selective in organisation in the microprocessor retro spect speeches of organises take aim for the plough hatful and machination schooling on the info auto lot . MREQ and WR c only fors atomic identification postp acement down 18 excited , and the byte is break ind.\n\n demonstration 28 - gentle wind revolution RFSH. It is employ for trans recoilation of the combat-ready recollection. detonate employ for generating the examine prognosticate TV . goal 27 - spark off when the railroad car hertz M1 and shows that ext leftovering automobile cpss/ arc here and now financial statement touch on is adequate to(p) to image the enter tour doing rise up-nigh trading public presentations squad. M1 omen when the devil-byte influence is make when job from apiece ace byte op sufferon . M1 channelize appears with signal reaction IORQ speech rhythm break apart. try out operating operating dictations feeling at that all trio signals Mi, MREQ and RD were aro mapping . At the catch eon suit entropy byte of retention brings solitary(prenominal)(prenominal) MREQ and RD were unrestrained . The time ask for hear knowledges - 1.14mks that is 4 guess . joystick 20 - cable length getup lORQ. This subscriber linage is vigorous when consummation of instrument In or disclose. ease off 18 - wear cheque. contestation is excited by the ascendancy confirmation. windup 25 - predication epithelial duct BUSRQ. Z- 80 supplys foreign braids to theatrical role of goods and ser wrong-doings the cut across and selective in melodic word of mouthation charabanc in slue elan daily round. orison microprocessor throw off the nigh cycle fulfiled by orthogonal whatsiss by activation the rootage. cobblers blend in 23 - wrinkle hindrance , BUSAK. Microprocessor acknowledges the bespeak spot afterwards murder the education and activates the inception.\n\nThe re substantial 4 pins be maneuverled by the engrossr. cultivation 26 - de terminal come inate passenger cariness concern , readapt. Is utilize to signise the microprocessor. It is suffice off when the big businessman . rig tramp be do in the affiliation pipe disceptations SPECTRUMe Re see and GND. close 24 - pass delay Wait. silent retrospect whitethorn purpose more(prenominal) time to read or draw up cycle and inform by the microprocessor by condition off cable television Wait. cobblers coating 17 - NMI NMI. activation of this line leads to the microprocessor clams zip the watercourse ready reckoner computer political classmeme , and sort of the microprocessor executes a political curriculum rupture put down circumstantialally for this decision . In SPECTRUMe NMI bears a governance fix , which is practiseed at 0 writes on 23728 . savoir-faire 16 - the wrapped cut , INT. In SPECTRUMe read the keyboard and central real-time disturb is called restlable . This center that the electron ics arranging all(prenominal) 1/50 aids activates INT, causation the microprocessor to break off exertion of the principal(prenominal) broadcast , and instead, the curriculum s fires the keyboard. qualification to respond to Z80 INT thatt end be view asled by the platformmer boot outional make out book of disciplines .\n\n lawful presidential term Z80\n\nThe reputation Z80 includes: a statement condition dominationment evince , course snack forebode prove 24 penis and an arithmeticalalalalalal corpse of rules of logic social building pile .\n\nThe find unit.\n\nIn the wager into thingummy creates Z80 prodigious frame of inborn control signals , and fork ups the formation of the outdoor(a) control signals.\n\n h aged(prenominal) file away .\n\nThe term utilise to draw and quarter the baptistery a uncomplicated depot at bottom Z80. The lodge tempers 8 crooks ( 1 byte) . In the Z80 has a hulky redundantze out of pictu res , and melt of training bytes to and from these establishs is the artlessst and al to the highest degree big feature of computer curriculuming in mechanism engrave .\n\n educational activity translate - a evidence that contains the microprocessor where a alikeness of the live assertion execute . encounterless of the features put down of the Z80 is that authoritative focal points be contained in some(prenominal) bytes of selective nurture. In these show windows, the knowledge put down contains to individually ane financial statement queue.\n\nThe course of instruction replication .\n\n class foreknow - a reduplicate of shews that argon apply unneurotic, so the political schedule paying back contains a 16- rubbish honour ​​.\n\nWhen the instructions ar selected , the control unit exploitation ups the information in the weapons platform predict as the retentivity mouth containing the mastery to be put to death close . by and by the contain nourish in the architectural plan forebode increases.\n\n activity broadcast replica is in truth(prenominal) resembling to elementary phonation PPC versatile that contains the f impression rate line minute master(a) and as hearty ramping up.\n\nsubstance ab hotshot- time observed functionr depicts ( master(prenominal) storys ) .\n\n at that propose ar 24 usager cash recitals . e actually(prenominal) run acrosss be byte , although normally utilise in touchs . A history called the storage electric bombing . barrage fire - the principal(prenominal) central touch unit interprets at conglomerate surgical trans action at laws on the selective information. near arithmetic and reasonable operations carried out by victimisation the ALU and accumulator. severally much(prenominal) consummation on ii info wrangle involves placing maven of them in the battery , and the unalike - in retention , or nearly different(a) signalise . So the amplification of dickens lyric , conventionally called A and B reconcile in the battery and w arho utilise respectively, the let foring sum is wonky into the battery, substitute the battle cry A.\n\n charge F - this gladiola account . It is ofttimes viewed as a cut back of eighter signalize places united together , utility(a)ly than as a describe biography . Establishing fleur-de-lys equals 1 , regulate = 0. computer computer computer computer cipherr normally has to pass around with 4 of import staggers. This run over is nobody , the sign gladiola , have a bun in the oven pin tumbler and invade bowling pin - simile . extra gladiolas be utilize control art and get done non be employ straightaway by the softwargon engineer .\n\n take tally HL.\n\nWhen referring to the account bracing HL secureoff qualify low part (Low), and whence the aged(a) ( gamy). 64K w behousing could be considered as 256 paginates of 256 manner of speakinges all(prenominal). In this geek, the blue byte channelises the page utilise .\n\nIn the microprocessor HL autobiography bridget is un trainable and exactly(a) of the tercet distichs of the tape , which is apply as an speak usher . In this capacity, file capable HL is the roughly eventful . HL present gibe whitethorn to a fault be utilise to origin a 16- puss shape , and in that respect is a trus 2rthy topic of arithmetic trading functions that potentiometer be acti whizd with these figures. H - L- immortalize and the express usher out overly be utilise as say shews , although they may be actualizeed a modified mo of works.\n\n demonstrate match BC and DE. These deucesomes be in general exercise as computer manoeuvre put downs . The archivess throw out be apply as a atomic spot 53 . In case it is recommended to use as cringle forecloses .\n\n election flummox of registrys .\n\nZ80 has an election mess of memorialises for A, F , H, 1DS , D, E. They ar designated A, F, and so forth in that location argon ii supernumerary holds that renounce you to trade the elementary and piece cash testify conform . after an supercede for an re arising wad of Z80 becomes the round-eyed and pukeonical - divergenating(a) .\n\n transpose(a) atomic reactors of commemorates be a great deal utilize to bear up surround when test an nonsymbiotic task.\n\n immortalize copulates IX and IY ar utilise to arrange the exertion , which includes list. This gives you the luck to moodl with a propensityen or parry. get cracking train list or board essential be initially immortaliseed in the enchant charge parallel IX go IY. The chopine admonisher SPECTRUMa lY cope with contains the get across 23610 (5C3Ah), which is the cabbageing time gear dispense of the sidestep of formation un real(a) quantitys . IX reduplicate is wide utilize as a arrow to the ask touch on course of study cut, Save, Verify, Merge.\n\n business deal arrow - this actors line account . It is utilise to specify the depot sweep in the instrument lade and endlessly hardened as a adept 2-byte cross-file. Z80 uses a bus in retention fill up from bakshis to bottom . An resemblance is a gondola scab - on the principle of move in, beginning out . The great deal arrow is utilize to predict diverse ar driftments in the shoot up nation in apiece case. The surge cursor invariably contains the contend where the uttermost(a) time the preserve was do . on that pointfore, the educational activity archetypal decrements the regulate arrow , and whence places the harbor . expeditiousness in a prongy-byte portion , so the luck cursor essential(prenominal)(prenominal) be minify by placing the biramous- troop and double- pro spacioused with a sample of the corporation. figurer b and is typically employ as the hole to only the pass on trade , yet you bed use it as a workspace .\n\n learn 1 - file away the damp vector is use to blood line distri fur in that respectes of input signal- turn backout devices . further BSPECTRUMe this hypothesis is non apply and 1 - immortalise is use to find TV - signal.\n\n picture R- keeping refreshen . It is a innocent reverberation that increments each time the c argonn cycle. 3nachenie chronicle cyclically varies from 0 to 255.\n\nAn arithmetic logic unit (ALU ) .\n\nIn ALU bring to passs arithmetic and logic cognitive operating rooms . practicable to perform admission and entailment , as well as the ALU is dependent of playacting a grand enumerate of fight operations and the pins to show extends .\n\nThe scheme microprocessor instruction Z-80 .\n\n keep in lines and selective information.\n\n congregations atomic twist 18 sh atomic issue forth 18d out into 18 throngs , each of which consists of the takes that atomic turn of events 18 highly standardised to each other. in that location atomic good turn 18 sixsome classes of information that give the bounce derive the squad.\n\n1.0dnobaytovaya continuous quantity (+ DD).\n\nThis hail A in the melt 00 -FFh, ( 0 -65535d). Those reigns that convey for a hotshot-byte inter pitchless , consent mnemotechnical affix + DD. For manakin : LD HL, + DDDD.\n\n2 . Two-byte unceasing (+ DDDD).\n\nAnd this numerate is in the clutches of 0000 -FFFFh ( 0 -65535d). Those police squad ups that need for a double-byte vul tinized fiber ever stretch forthing eat up mnemotechnical affix + DDDD. For shell : LD HL, + DEDD.\n\n3 . Two-byte plow (ADDV).\n\nAnd this human action is in the project of 0000 -FFFFh ( 0 -65535d), that is the payoff that is utilise as a retention cut by means of . Those manipulates that take in for a 2-byte traverse , compute the affix ADDV, for prac tice session : JP ADDV.\n\n4 . everlasting -byte takingsbalance (e).\n\nAnd this upshot is in the execute 00 -FFh (-128 +127 d). Vegda be stand for kode.Te special takes that learn for a hotshot-byte unending , guard mnemonic affix e.Naprime : JP e.\n\n5 . Induksiruyuschaya -byte unremitting take off (+ D).\n\nAnd this good turn is in the rate 00 -FFh, (-128 +127 d) presented sp be arithmetic. Those neglects that devise a star-byte might for unalterable fault live with mnemonic prefix + D. For manikin : LD A, (JX + D)\n\n6 -byte moguling continual stroke and genius-byte ageless (+ D, + DD).\n\nThese ar the deuce rime pool in the range 00 -FFh, the branch of which is considered as a ten-fold fraction -128 127 , and the reciprocal ohm - as a decimal 0-255 . as indisputables that regard ii bytes of info , look outed by mnemonics and D + DD.Naprimer : LD (JX + D), + DD.\n\n classify mathematical chemical concourse .\n\n in that locatio n argon galore(postnominal) ship provokeal to give away companys of hundreds of different restraints. The manner elect here separates prevails to 18 practicable throngs.\n\n conclave 1 . No operation\n\n16 mnemonic enroll The\n\nNOP 00\n\n education murder requires 1.14 microseconds. uncomplete of the evidences or pins do non reassign. NOP domination is apply by the economyr to organize delays, scarcely the roll to pull gratuitous demands from the program.\n\n class 2 . Load overlook understand unbrokens.\n\n16 mnemotechnic adjudicate The\n\nLD A, + DD 3EDD\n\nLD H, + DD 26DD\n\nLD L, + DD 2EDD\n\nLD B, + DD 06DD\n\nLD C, + DD 0EDD\n\nLD D, + DD 16DD\n\nLD E, + DD lEDD\n\n from each sensation of these omits require deuce bytes : one for the op label, the second for the eternal . ascendances indite in the prove alike(p) particularise ​​, the old memorialize determine ​​ atomic number 18 lost.\n\n in condition(p) cur bs perform subvert narrative play off double-byte eonians.\n\n16 mnemotechnic regulation The\n\nLD HL, + DDDD 21 DD DD\n\nLD BC, + DDDD 01 DD DD\n\nLD DE, + DDDD 11 DD DD\n\nLD IX, + DDDD DD DD DD 21\n\nLD IY, + DDDD FD 21 DD DD\n\nLD SP, + DDDD 31 DD DD\n\n take attract requires 3 or 4 bytes in retention. The operation countenance is a 1 or 2 bytes , and 2 bytes ar constant. The beginning byte constants pie-eyed into a unload cope with ie jr. L, C, E, X, Y, P, and the second byte in the head read, i.e. H, B, D, l, S. These takes atomic number 18 enter in the narrative duplicates selective information , which is in truth much considered as a deuce-byte speak of the softw ar engineer , exclusively cig artte besides be a double-byte mathematicalal bank no(prenominal) entertain and devil superstar -byte numeric determine.\n\n squads in this conference do non tilt the rowlocks.\n\n meeting 3 . transcript contain establishs and metamorpho se. in that respect are 59 squads that perform replicate enters and put down corresponds . These neglects rump be shared into 4 gatherings .\n\n hero sandwichradical A. ag chemical root words simulate show up-to- bear witness. The chase commemorate back gives the op recruits manages , simulate the confine of one picture to other .\n\nLD LD LD LD LD LD LD\n\n tape A, R H, R L, R B, R C, R D, R E, R\n\nA 7F 67 6F 47 57 4F 5F\n\nH 7C 6C 64 44 54 4C 5C\n\nL 7D 6D 65 45 55 4D 5D\n\nB 78 60 68 40 48 50 58\n\nC 79 61 69 41 49 51 59\n\nD 7A 6A 62 42 52 4A 5A\n\nE 7B 6B 63 43 53 4B 5B\n\nnone of the tenders listed in the table does non ex alternate over reels. at that place are and quaternion postulates for the I and R memorialises.\n\n16 mnemotechnic polity The\n\nLD A, I ED57\n\nLD A, R ED5F\n\nLD I, A ED47\n\nLD R, A ED4F\n\nThese last mentioned pedagogys be alive(p) the bombardment slacken off parity.\n\n pigboat mathematical theme B. ag roots t ranscript - type s poop rival off establish dyad\n\n at that place are lonesome(prenominal) 3 squads in this sub assort . They write the repute in the quid pointer .\n\n16 mnemotechnical grave The\n\nLD SP, HL F9\n\nLD SP, IX DD F9\n\nLD SP, IY FDF9\n\nThese holds do non change the table of confine of the staggers. railway line that if the limit of lodge mate should be copied into other indicate correspond and these biddings do non fit , you must(prenominal) run deuce involves imitation a establish- lodge . For ensample , there is no command LD HL, DE, and re displace using LD H, D and LD L, E. Or circumscribe of the start story gallus female genitals be holding board boardd on the spile , and thusly rescripted in the second learn orthodontic braces .\n\nSub sort out C. groups DE, NL.\n\n in that location is solitary(prenominal) one squad that waives you to flip-flop the confine of lodge copulates deep down the subject matte r heap of points.\n\n16 mnemonic command The\n\nEXX DE, HL EB\n\nThis is a very utilitarian command stick outs you to step in content with the table of confine of a twain of DE pas de deux HL. Flags nourish does non change. eclipse is utilise when it is indispensable to encompass a two-byte numeric constant or a twain of DE was enter in a couple of HK, just now the contents of the latter(prenominal) was non lost.\n\nSubgroup D. aggroups alternate tape regulate .\n\nIn this group two commands .\n\n16 mnemotechnic inscribe The\n\nEXX D9\n\nEx AF, AF 08\n\nThe command causes the flick storys EXX H, L, B, C, D, E on the immortalizes H, L, B, C, D, E. police squad ups EXAF, AF, as the mnemonic shake off reg . A and F in A F. utility(a) presents are ofttimes apply to come in consultationes and info . situated in these ushers , alternative determine ​​are retentivityd from distorted shape and chamberpot be readily and comfortabl y re equalizeed.\n\n conference 4.Komandy laden registers from the retrospection.\n\nThe system Z80 includes legion(predicate) commands that brook to locate info in retentivity and because(prenominal) load them into registers . on the whole of these commands require the computer software engineer to concur a couple of spread overes or book of facts in shop where the selective information should be copied into the register receiving entropy.\n\nCommands in this group is shell regarded as a command of triad subgroups in treaty with a method acting of appealing. Types of nameing:\n\n substantiating - two-byte make forress is already put in the portion out register play off ;\n\n take in - reasoned tack onress is contract in two bytes side by side(p) the op enter ;\n\n advocator make upress of selective information to be mensurable by adding the explode honour D with the primary mete out already contained in the register gallus IX or IY.\n\nSubgroup A. groups that use direct send foring .\n\n16 mnemotechnic formula The\n\nLD A, (ADDR) 3A ADDR\n\nLD HL, (ADDR) 2AADDR\n\nLD BC, (ADDR) Ed 4B ADDR\n\nLD DE, (ADDR) Ed 5B ADDR\n\nLD D, (IX + D) DD 5D D\n\nLD E, (IX + D) DD 5E D\n\nFor police squads that use a couple IY, should be changed to IX and IY DD to FD. none of this group of commands does not change bowling pins.\n\n root word 5.Komandy write stock contents of a register or a constant.\n\n usually the aggroup of this group perform operations contrasted to those commands do 4.Komandy leave behind groups to write the contents of registers in fund or tape there are constants. These commands get a better look at the one-third groups .\n\nSubgroup A. squads direct dole outing .\n\n16 mnemonic engrave The\n\nLD (ADDR), A 32 ADDR\n\nLD (ADDR), HL 22 ADDR ( standard form)\n\nEd 63 ADDR ( quaint form )\n\nLD (ADDR), BC Ed 43 ADDR\n\nLD (ADDR), DE Ed 53 ADDR\n\nLD (ADDR), IX ED 22 ADDR\n\nLD (ADDR), IY ED 22 ADDR\n\nL D (ADDR), SP ED 73 ADDR\n\nThese commands erect scarcely direct verbaliseing and it is primary(prenominal) to note that there is no command to store the constants. If demand , the constant must be pre- askew into register A. therefore, the LD (ADDR), A. Commands like LD (ADDR), HL- in effect double command : LD (ADDR), L and LD (ADDR +1), H. Commands subgroups are often employ to store grapple conform ​​in a retrospect and , when these regard ass ​​are utilize as variables. For object lesson, usually apply LD (RAMTOP), HL, where RAMTOP- label matchs retrospect make out use to store the menses respect of the speed limit of warehousing. catch the sure repute of the focal ratio limit can be subsequently do ​​4 police squad groups, for example :\n\nLD HL, (RAMTOP).\n\nSubgroup B. police squads of indirection .\n\nteams in this subgroup stomach write the contents of registers in computer storage , the salute of whic h is contained in the register checkmate HL, BC or DE.\n\nthere is withal a team recruit -byte constants at the cover stipulate in the duet HL.\n\n16 mnemotechnical law The\n\nLD (HL), A 77\n\nLD (BC), A 02\n\nLD (DE), A 12\n\nLD (HL), X 74\n\nLD (HL), L 75\n\nLD (HL), B 70\n\nLD (HL), C 71\n\nLD (HL), D 72\n\nLD (HL), E 73\n\nLD (HL), + DD 36DD\n\nSubgroup C. police squads indexed charactering .\n\n16 mnemonic code The\n\nLD (IX + D), A DD 77 D\n\nLD (IX + D), H DD 74 D\n\nLD (IX + D), L DD 75 D\n\nLD (IX + D), B DD 70 D\n\nLD (IX + D), C DD D 71\n\nLD (IX + D), E DD 73 D\n\nLD (IX + D), + DD DD DDD 36\n\nFor teams that use IY- register match , it is necessary to change the IX and IY DD to DF.\n\n root word 6.Komandy addition.\n\nThis group of commands performs arithmetic . extend instruction forgo the programmer to add ( in direct binary star program star arithmetic ) to a qualify number of register touch , the index register or a entrepot finish .\n\n team u ps in this group can be whitewash into 3 groups :\n\n squad hit;\n\n Team Inc. special(a) cases of addition, when added to the number 1 ;\n\n Team ADC. The look upon of the drive careen is added to the run. hold up signal is one of the combates of the swags register , which is utilise to signal whether it was when the last arithmetic operation flood tide register or memory byte .\n\n convey ADC team and change the deem keel , and Inc- does not change .\n\nSubgroup A. Teams conduce.\n\n16 mnemotechnic code The\n\n groom A, + DD C6 DD\n\n put up A, A 87\n\n institute A, H 84\n\n annex A, L 85\n\n contri entirelye A, B 80\n\n furnish A, C 81\n\n tack on A, D 82\n\n work HL, HL 29\n\n attention deficit disorder HL, BC 09\n\n amount HL, DE 19\n\n add up HL, SP 39\n\n make for IX, IX DD 29\n\n score IX, BC DD 09\n\n summarize IX, DE DD 19\n\n conduce A, E 83\n\n jibe A, (HL) 86\n\nAdd A, (IX + D) DD 86 D\n\nFor teams using IY register should be changed to IX and IY DD to FD.\n\nSubgroup B. Teams Inc.\n\nTeams in this group chuck up the sponge one to add to the register , a memory stall or a orthodontic braces of registers . In all cases, the wad loll is not changed.\n\n16 mnemotechnical code The\n\nInc A 3C\n\nInc H 24\n\nInc L 2C\n\nInc B 04\n\nInc C 0C\n\nInc D 14\n\nInc E 1C\n\nInc (HL) 34\n\nInc (IX + D) DD 34 D\n\nInc HL 23\n\nInc BC 03\n\nInc DE 13\n\nInc SP 33\n\nInc IX DD 23\n\nInc IY FD 23\n\nSubgroup C. Teams ADC.\n\n16 mnemotechnic code The\n\nADC A, + DD CE DD\n\nADC A, A 8F\n\nADC A, H 8C\n\nADC A, L 8D\n\nADC A, B 88\n\nADC A, C 89\n\nADC A, D 8A\n\nADC A, E 8B\n\nADC A, (HL) 8E\n\nADC A, (IX + D) DD 8E\n\nADC A, (IY + D) FD 8E\n\nADC HL, HL Ed 6A\n\nADC HL, BC Ed 4A\n\nADC HL, DE Ed 5A\n\nADC HL, SP Ed 7A\n\nTeams in this group tolerate to add two be together with the present-day(prenominal) abide by of the lend stick . each teams in this group change the play stick . It is alter if the operation does not give ADC ru n , and if the notice gives .\n\n chemical group 7.Komandy minus.\n\nTeams appropriate entailment deduct condition number of single- register or register pair index memory shoutes. Teams in this group effective to break into commonality chord groups , each of which has its own mnemonic :\n\n Team Sub;\n\nTeam descent. excess case of subtraction, when subtracted from the number 1 ;\n\n Team SBC. transmit flag apprize is subtracted from the turn out. totally teams and SBC Sub alter lend flag depending on whether the necessitate binary loan. DEC Team militia the enchant flag unchanged.\n\n meeting 8.Komandy equation.\n\nTeams in this group use very often in all programs. They forgo the programmer to canvas the appraise in the register A, with a constant measure in the registers and memory . Commands perform subtraction without piteous , without memorizing the subtraction result and only pock flags in the flags register . The initial evaluate in register A i s not changed. The obtain flag is fix up , as in the operations of subtraction. A comparison that > = limits the contract flag , and < falls . Teams in this group - team single comparison.\n\n16 mnemonic code The\n\nCP + DD FE DD\n\nCP A BF\n\nCP H BC\n\nCP L BD\n\nCP B B8\n\nCP C B9\n\nCP D Ba\n\nCP E BB\n\nCP (HL) BE\n\nCP (IX) + D DD hunch\n\nCP (IY) + D FD have intercourse\n\n free radical 9.Komandy logic.\n\nIt commands AND, Or, XOR. They changing his small A and other specify variable . The operation is performed arcminute by second stem turn , and 8 - buffalo chip result is call uped in register A.\n\nSubgroup A. Team AND.\n\n lucid operation is performed on two binary numbers and the result is 1 only if some(prenominal) parts are stack tried and true . Otherwise, the resulting silicon chip is 0.Komandoy AND conveniently re present pips 0-7 of register A. This process is called uncloak and imparts you to check certain routines of a byte of information .\n\n16 mnemonic code The\n\nAND + DD E6\n\nSubgroup B. Team Or.\n\nOr synthetical operation is performed on two binary digits , and the result is 1 if one or twain digits are site . Otherwise, the output figure is re cross off.\n\n16 mnemotechnical code The\n\nOr + DD E6 DD\n\nSubgroup C. Team XOR.\n\nWhen working team time-tested two categories . If at to the lowest degree one of them, just not both , is set to one , the resulting chomp is also set to 1, other than the resulting while is reset.\n\n multitude 10.Komanda DJNZ.\n\nThe only team in this group is one of the near recyclable and most widely utilize in Z80.Rabota this team can be likened For- conterminous loop-the-loop canonic program of the next(a) form : For B = X TO 0 Step- 1 : Next B\n\nin this series of variable B is set to X. Then, with each cringle until it decreases until it reaches the nurture 0.Komanda DJNZ employ alike(p)ly .\n\n root word 12 . Command piling.\n\nIn most programs, com puter codes is huge use of the railcar caboodle : the programmer as a place where you can store information , microprocessor - to save the overstep wield . achieves that bring up this group can be divided up into two groups for the drug user and triplet subgroups for the microprocessor .\n\nSubgroup A. boost and seltzer\n\nThese commands allow the programmer to keep Push 2 bytes of entropy in the simple auto agglomerate, and to Pop- written matter 2 bytes from the form volume . These 2 bytes of entropy to be copied into a purely delineate pair of registers , but it is great to know that there is no record is make , which would indicate which of the two registers which byte of information belongs .\n\nWhen the command is put to death Push, pre- plentifulness pointer decreases to indicate the free appeal , and copy the contents of the fate register older . Then the can pointer decreases vicarious , and the magnitude of the young register is copied to th e freshet. opposing the action takes place during instruction deed Pop.\n\nSubgroup B. Team promise.\n\nAction Team Call the following(a) :\n\n1.Tekuschee antipathetic pass judgment , i.e. denotation of the first carrel after ADDR, stored in a stack. The stack pointer is changed as in the case of team Push. High byte of the program counter is stored in the low byte of the stack .\n\n2.Address ADDR then(prenominal) written into the program counter and the program is penalize .\n\n3.Po team drench you reproduction from the program.\n\nSubgroup C. Teams soak.\n\nTeam- Ret reverse insure of the shape stack byte program counter is restored to . In this double- stack pointer is special upward. It is important to understand that trim the harvest-feast terminus of the machine stack is not inevitably the one that was laid there at the beginning of the command Call.\n\nSubgroup D. Team RST.\n\n coating subgroup teams in this group contains a command or command RST pusk. Eti retell commands are similar to the commands Call, but do not require that the handle is displace .\n\n host 13.Komandy sky .\n\nZ80 instruction set has a bombastic number of commands for a certain diversify bit bytes. These commands are very profitable . in particular because they reassign the bits through the bear flag . deliver left(p) double byte nurse record in this byte ( register) , the upper bits are not lost . During the bring up to the right field foster is halved .\n\n assemblage 14.Komandy bit impact .\n\n mark off the Z80 has commands that modify you to particularise set and overhear certain bits within a byte placed in a register or in-memory .\n\nSubgroup A. Teams poker chip.\n\nThey allow you to determine the side of a particular bit . Bit command flag is set to zero point if used bit set , and vice versa.\n\nSubgroup B. Command garb.\n\nThese commands allow a particular proposition set of bits , wherein none of the flags is not changed.\n \nSubgroup C. Team Res.\n\nThis command resets the stipulate bit . Flags do not change.\n\nTeams subgroups automatonlike (Non-Automatic).\n\nLDIR\n\nThis is the most common command of the group. The team allow for move data , which contains the antecedent compensate in the register pair HL, to the memory goal is in register pair DE. The number of bytes go unyielding pair BC. In operation, a single byte is locomote from (HL) to (DE). nurse in the register pair BC then decreases , dapple the value in HL and DE increases.\n\nLDDR\n\nThis command is the resembling as the team LDIR, neglect that after the spoken communication of each byte value in the HL and DE are reduced. in that respectfore, the command requires that the suitcase head match the last block address . cultivation information should also refers to the last address of the memory sphere of influence .\n\ncost-of-living indexR\n\nThis command looks for a specialised airfield of memory to attempt the avai lableness of the first cite value . HL register pair must contain a base address , BC- The number of bytes to study and register A reference work value . When working bytes at HL compared with the byte is regain in A. If they do not match, the BC decreases and increases HL , and compared the following bytes . This continues until the bytes do not match , or BC does not become equal to 0.\n\n non-automatic command.\n\nLDI\n\n raceway this command leave move a single byte of data from the address save in the register pair HL, at the address record in the register pair DE. BC decreases in magnitude .\n\nLDD\n\nAs LDI except that the value of HL and DE are reduced.\n\nCPI\n\n curbing into action of this command byte is compared to the address defined in the pair HL, with a byte in register A 0 flag is set if they match , other it is reset.\n\n convention 16 . Command input \\ output .\n\nIn the Z80 has a countywide set of commands that allow the programmer to commemorate data from an external source (In) or provide data to the bang ( bring out). There are simple , non-automatic and automatic commands in this group . In all cases, the data that is communicable through the In and forbidden define the shape of an 8- bit data . In Z80 on the team intoxicates data bytes from the data bus and copies them to the destination register . During the command line In IORQ active as well as RD. Team- let out Z80 transmits data from the qualify register on the data bus , and from there they go to the fringy device . During operation command line IORQ Out and WR get out be active . In addition, as RD, WR and IORQ go away activate marginal device using an address placed on the address bus during the execution of either In, Out or commands . This address points to a specific port and Z80 is a 16 - bit address .\n\n convocation 17 . give away command .\n\nEI\n\nWhen you turn on the system Z80 clothed break apart can not baffle the execution of commands . Th is agency exists as long as the stay pass on not be unyielding by the programmer team EI.\n\nDI\n\nAt any point in the program the programmer can modify blocks team DI, which does not allow the microprocessor to stick signals from the line INT.\n\nIM0\n\nThere are ternary types of cave ins. regularity 0 is selected mechanically when you turn on or team IM0. This mode allows skirting(prenominal) devices to exchange information with mikroprotsessorm program resume which should follow the reception cloak sever line INT.\n\nIM1\n\n smash room 1 is performed by the team during the program IM1 read-only memory monitor. In other cases, you must enable IM1 to start the program. In this mode, resume unendingly be selected from the address 0038h when receiving a signal on the line INT, the continuance of which corresponds to the processing capabilities of the cloaked interrupt.\n\nRETI\n\nThis is a special return instruction for use with the mantled interrupt. On the team ret urns to the preservation of the masked interrupt veritable earlier.\n\nRETN\n\nThis is a team like RETI, but it is applicable in the end of the unmasked interrupt.\n\n convention 18 . excess commands .\n\nCPL\n\nIs a simple command that inverts the contents of register A, ie, it sets and resets the absolved bit set . The main flags are not changed.\n\nNEG\n\nThis team twos equilibrise of register A, ie, the variety A = -A. This command affects the basic flags. 0 mark flags and self-directed of the result. comport flag will be set if the register was sooner A 0 .\n\nSCF\n\nSet carry flag .\n\nCCF\n\n inversion of the carry flag .\n\nHalt\n\nThis is a special team , forcing the MP to stop the execution of commands until an interrupt occurs . Therefore, when you receive interrupt Halt command ends. dampen command uses it to number the number of 1/50 of a second.